In the realm of bicycle lighting, adhering to stringent standards ensures not only compliance with legal requirements but also the safety and convenience of cyclists. One of the most critical standards in this domain is the STVZO (Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung),...
In a previous article we talked about Aviation Light Optics. and discussed a runway light system called Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI). Now we would like to go more in detail into PAPI design and describe their design requirements. The PAPI system...
A conoscopic lens is an instrument that can be used to measure the angular distribution of a light source. Its use is quite different from a lens, as in photography. An image created by a conoscopic lens resembles that of a fisheye lens. That is a...
Projection systems are one of the most common consumer optical devices (probably second to photographic systems). They allow us to view images on a screen (usually) by magnifying and projecting them at distances from a few centimeters to several meters away...
Simple method to generate a light-pipe from a keyboard overmold
A ray set is a optical model showing the path of millions of rays of light existing a source such as an LED
